Moreover, catechol, trifluoroacetamide, benzoic acid and D-(+)-arabitol were autotoxic substances affecting the natural regeneration of M. The autotoxic effect was concentration dependent, low concentrations were positive and neutral, high and extremely high concentrations were negative for all the chemical compounds. Specifically, benzoic acid had the strongest inhibitory effect, followed by catechol, trifluoroacetamide and D-(+)-arabitol. Catechol, trifluoroacetamide, benzoic acid and D-(+)-arabitol significantly affected seed germination rate, seed germination index, vigor index, shoot length and main root length of M. The number of chemical compounds in fresh litter was 5.56% more than that in natural litter. The Jaccard similarity coefficient of chemical compounds in aqueous extracts of fresh and natural litter of M. Results found that the 28 chemical compounds were identified in the aqueous extracts of M. We identified multiple chemical compounds of aqueous extracts from fresh (recently accumulated) and natural litter (mixture of litter different phases of decomposition), to evaluate the autotoxic effects of the four most important detected compounds applied individually on seed germination and seedling growth of M. However, little is known about the potential influence of autotoxic substances on different regeneration stages of M. The rare relict plant Metasequoia glyptostroboides is a difficult to natural regeneration and is affected by litter allelopathy. Widespread autotoxicity is an important obstacle to natural regeneration of many plants.
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